A bibliography of Melanesian Pidgin English dictionaries, phrase books and study guides
Below is an annotated bibliography of Melanesian Pidgin English dictionaries, phrase
books, and study guides. If you know of others please let me know. I have not included the few dictionaries that are from another Papua New Guinean language to Tok Pisin.
An asterisk (*) following a reference indicates that I have not seen it myself.
Balzer, Trevor; Lee, Ernie; Mülhäusler, Peter; Monaghan, Paul; Angelo, Denise & Ober, Dana (1999).Pidgin Phrasebook: Pidgin Languages of Oceania. Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia: Lonely Planet Publications, 168 pp. This is the second edition of Hunter (1986). There are separate sections for each of Bislama, Pijin, Tok Pisin, Torres Strait pidgin (“Broken” or “Yumpla Tok”), and (“Kriol”). Balzer wrote the section on Bislama (pp. 11-52); Lee wrote the section on Pijin (pp. 53-96); Mülhäusler & Monaghan wrote the section on Tok Pisin (pp. 97-138); Ober wrote the section on Yumpla Tok (pp. 139-147); and Angelo wrote the section on on Kriol (pp. 148-168). This book is a substantial improvement from the previous edition in some ways (including expanded coverage and cultural advice), but it no longer contains an alphabetical vocabulary section. The book could have been further improved by including a comparison of the 5 languages. Another deficiency is that the grammar is not presented consistently between sections. Mülhäusler is an expert on pidgin and creole languages who has written many academic papers on Tok Pisin.
In print!
Churchill, William (1911). Beach-la-mar: The Jargon or Trade Speech of the Western Pacific. Publication Number 154. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution, 54 pp. Reprinted in 1979 by AMS Press, New York. On pages 33-53, there is a pidgin to English dictionary. Churchill also includes a history, a grammar, a sample text, and a bibliography of his sources for the dictionary. The vocabulary is based on several older sources on Pacific Pidgin English, from 1844 through 1910.In print!
Clark, Ross (1987). The lexicon of early Melanesian Pidgin. Paper presented at the 7th New Zealand Linguistics Society Conference held in Dunedin, August 24-27. Cited in Crowley (1990b).
Lentzner, K. (1891). Dictionary of the Slang English of Australia and of Some Mixed Languages. Out of Print: Search Amazon.com for this book. *
Sayer, Edgar Sheappard (1943). Pidgin English: A Text Book, History, and Vocabulary of Pidgin English, for Writers, Travellers, Students of the English Language and Philologists. Toronto: E. S. Sayer. 2nd edition, 101 pp. A generally muddled view of pidgin Englishes. Sayer differentiates between various English pidgins worldwide, but insufficiently. Sayer gives an English to oceanic pidgin glossary on pp. 91-101, but does not differentiate between pidgins in Melanesia and those that may have existed in Polynesia or Micronesia. Spelling of pidgin words is neither phonetic nor English, so is hard to follow. The definitions are generally suspect, e.g. compare to the contemporaneous and more scholarly Hall (1943). Out of Print.
Sayer, Edgar Sheappard (1944). Pidgin English: A Text Book, History, and Vocabulary of Pidgin English, for Writers, Travellers, Students of the English Language and Philologists Toronto: E. S. Sayer. Third edition, 117 pp. The author adds an “Anglo-Indian vocabulary” to the muddle. Out of Print.
Simons, Linda (1983). “A comparison of the pidgins of Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea.” Papers in Pidgin and Creole Linguistics 3: 121-137.
These are the earliest documents on Melanesian Pidgin English. Most of these references were taken from Robert A. Hall, Jr. Pidgin and Creole Languages Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press (1966) [Out of Print: Search Amazon.com for this book.].
Churchill, William (1911). Beach-la-mar: The Jargon or Trade Speech of the Western Pacific. Publication Number 154. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution, 54 pp. Reprinted in 1979 by AMS Press, New York. On pages 33-53, there is a pidgin to English dictionary. Churchill also includes a history, a grammar, a sample text, and a bibliography of his sources for the dictionary. The vocabulary is based on several older sources on Pacific Pidgin English, from 1844 through 1910. In print!
Laade, Wolfgang (1967). A Brief Guide to Islands Pidgin. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. Unpublished mansucript.
Lentzner, K. (1891). Dictionary of the Slang English of Australia and of Some Mixed Languages. Out of print. Out of Print: Search Amazon.com for this book. *
Landtman, Gunnar (1918). “The Pidgin English of British New Guinea.” Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 19: 62-74.
Mead, Margaret (1931). “Talk Boy.” Asia 31: 144-151, 191. This article contains numerous sample sentences and phrases. Tok Pisin words are Anglicized.
Mühlhäusler, Peter; Dutton, Thomas E.; & Romaine, Suzanne (2003). Tok Pisin Texts: From the Beginning to the Present. Varieties of English Around the World Text Series 9. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 284 pp., illustrated. This book presents many previously unpublished Tok Pisin texts in translation and with commentary, including texts from the 1800s. A grammar is also included.
In print!
Schuchardt, Hugo (1883). “Kreolische Studien. V. Über das Melaneso-Englische.” [Creole Studies. V. Concerning Melanesian-English.] Sitzungsberichte der k.k. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien (Philosophisch-historische Klasse). Vienna 105: 131-161. *
Schuchardt, Hugo (1889). “Beiträge zur Kenntnis des englischen Kreolisch. II. Melaneso-Englisches.” [Contributions to the Knowledge of Creole-English. II. Melanesian-English.] Englische Studien 13: 158-162. *
Anonymous (no date). Wörterbuch mit Redewendungen Pidgin-Englisch-Deutsch (Pidgin-English-German Dictionary with Idioms). Typescript, 102 pp. *
Anonymous (1961?). Unknown title. Possibly published by the London Missionary Society. There was reportedly a booklet on Tok Pisin used for training kiaps around this time.
Anonymous (1942-1945?).Pidgen [sic] English Dictionary. Self-published, 34 pp., 1300 definitions. Out of Print. *
Anonymous (May 23, 1996 - July 11, 1996). Ol nupela Tokpisin hap tok. Wantok. A series of short articles were published in Wantok newspaper (Port Moresby). They have described new words in Tok Pisin, primarily creeping Anglicisms (e.g. Tok Pisin “prosek” = English “project”). These articles were discussed and reprinted on Kami Wantok’s Forum.
Anonymous (1994). Tok Pisin Stret! Word List and Spell Check for Papua New Guinea Pidgin. Madang, Papua New Guinea: Kristen Pres, 73 pp. This is a glossary from Tok Pisin to English. It includes nearly all of the words in Mihalic (1971), as well as newer words that are asterisked. Out of Print. Out of Print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
van Baar, William (1930?) German-Pidgin English Dictionary. Typescript. Alexishaafen. *
van Baar, William (1930?) Pitschen-Wörterbuch. [Pidgin Dictionary.] Typescript. Alexishaafen. *
Bálint, András (1975). Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Melanesian Pidgin with English Equivalents and an Alphabetic Index. Port Moresby: University of Papua New Guinea. This is a Tok Pisin to Tok Pisin dictionary. * Out of print.
Barhorst, Terry D. & O’Dell-Barhorst, Sylvia (1996). Pidgin/English Dictionary. This is an English to Tok Pisin word list for the Tok Pisin dialect spoken in Port Moresby. This is a useful supplement to Mihalic (1971) for neologisms. It is really a word list rather than a dictionary though, since it generally provides just a straight translation rather than giving much context. There are a few minor problems with the list, mainly due to this lack of context. For example, “parrot” is defined as koki or kalangal, but koki actually means “cockatoo.”
Bergmann, Ulrich, ed. (1982). Save na Mekim. Lae: Liklik Buk Information Centre, 480 pp. A list of neologisms without definitions appears on pp. 469-470. These are almost entirely Anglicizations and it is not clear which of these are used beyond this book. Save na Mekim is the Tok Pisin edition of Liklik Buk: A Sourcebook for Development Workers in Papua New Guinea (1986), both of which are appropriate technology handbooks; Save na Mekim is not a translation of Liklik Buk, and Liklik Buk does not contain this wordlist. These books are available from the Liklik Buk Information Center. Liklik Buk may also be available from Amazon.com
Borchardt, Karl (1926a). Tok Boi Wörterbuch [Pidgin English Word Book]. Unpublished manuscript. *
Borchardt, Karl (1926b). Anleitung zur Erlernung des Tok-boi [Guide for Learning Pidgin English]. Unpublished manuscript. This was translated into English in 1930 Guidance for Learning Tok Boi, Manus Island. A short excerpt appeared in Mühlhäusler et al. (2003) on pp. 70-71. *
Brash, Philip (1987). “Tok pilai, tok piksa, na tok bokis (imaginitive dimensions in Melanesian Pidgin).” Kivung: Journal of the Linguistic Society of Papua and New Guinea 4(1): 12-20. This article describes secretive (tok bokis) and metaphorical (tok piksa, tok pilai) words in Tok Pisin.
Brenninkmeyer, Leo (1924). Einfuerhrung ins Pidgin English: Ein Versuch [Introduction to Pidgin English] Unpublished manuscript. A short excerpt appeared in Mühlhäusler et al. (2003) on pp. 65-66.*
Browne, Bob ([1991]). Grass Roots Guide to Papua New Guinea
Pidgin. Port Moresby: Grass Roots Comic, 72 pp. This is a cartoon guide to Tok Pisin, giving too true definitions for 72 words. Out of Print.
Dahmen, Johannes (1949a). English Pidgin English Dictionary [in German]. Rabaul, unpublished manuscript. *
Dahmen, Johannes (1949b). Pidgin English Dictionary [in German]. Rabaul, unpublished manuscript. *
Dahmen, Johannes (1957). Pidgin English Dictionary [in English]. Rabaul, unpublished manuscript. *
Dietz, Thomas A. (1956). An Outline of Melanesian Pidgin. Port Moresby: Public Service Institute of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, 40 pp. This is a teaching course. * Out of Print.
Djackov, M. V.; Leontjev, A. A. & Torsujeva, E. I. (1981). Jazyk tok-Pisin (Neomelanezijskij). [Tok-Pisin Language (Neomelanesian)]. Series: Jazyki narodov Azii i Afriki. Moscow: Izdatelstvo Nauka, 72 pp. *
Fleming, Don (author) & Parish, Ces (translator). Baibel Diksenari: Gutpela Tok Klia long ol Samting i Stap long Buk Baibel. Wewak, Papua New Guinea: Christian Books Melanesia, 598 pp., illustrated. This is a translation from English into Tok Pisin of the "Bridge Bible Dictionary" by Don Fleming. Each entry gives and encycopedic description of words and phrases that appear in the Tok Pisin Bible. Out of Print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Franklin, Karl J. (1992). Traim Tasol: Vocabulary Testing in Tok Pisin. Series D, No. 85. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National
University, 73 pp. *
In print at ANU! or search for used copies at Amazon.com.
Friederici, Georg (1977).Pidgin English in Deutsch-Neuguinea. University of Papua New Guinea Department of Language Occasional Paper No. 14. Port Moresby: University of Papua New Guinea. Edited by Bob McDonald, 37 pp. This is a reprint of Friederici (1911). Out of Print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Garnier, Nicolas (2006). Dictionnaire Français/Tok Pisin Port Moresby: Alliance Française de Port Moresby/University of Papua New Guinea, 157 pp. This is the first and only Tok Pisin-French dictionary (bidirectional).
In print!
Gwyther-Jones, Roy (1969). New Guinea Pidgin Course. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: Summer Institute of Linguistics. *
Hall, Robert A., Jr. (1943). Melanesian Pidgin English: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary. Baltimore, MD: Linguistic Society of America / Madison, WI: United States Armed Forces Institute, 159 pp. Hall gives a grammar, extensive sample texts, and a bi-directional dictionary. Pidgin words are primarily written in the International Phonetic Alphabet. This was reprinted by AMS Press in 1980. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Healey, L. R. (1969?). Tok Pisin. Port Moresby: Department of Education Adult Education Course. Out of print. *
Healey, L. R. (1972). Tok Pisin. Supplementary Notes and Lessons in Pidgin English and Neo-Melanesian. Port Moresby: Department of Education, 232 pages. Out of Print: Search Amazon.com for this book. *
Healey, L. R. (1975). When is a word not a Pidgin word? In: Tok Pisin i Go We? Kenneth A. McElhannon, editor. Kivung Special Publication 1. Out of print. *
Helton, E. C. N. (1943). Booklet on Pidgin English as Used in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea with Dictionary of Nouns and Phrases. This Language is Used in Conversation with Natives, Asiatics and German White Missionaries. Brisbane: W. H. Adams, 64 pp. The author’s name is also reported as “E. C. N. Helton.” This book was used by Allied troops during World War II. The spelling conventions are English-biased rather than phonetic. Pages 23-64 contain a bidirectional dictionary. Pages 11-12 contain sample phrases. Out of Print.
Helton, E. C. N. (1945). Pidgin English as Used in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea Dictionary of Nouns and Phrases. This Language Is Used in Conversation with Natives, Asiatics and German White Missionaries. 2nd edition. Brisbane: W. H. Adams. 1st edition. Published by Cocoanut Grove Souvenir Shop in Brisbane, circa 1940. Out of print.
Höltker, Georg (1945). “Das Pidgin-Englisch als sprachliches Missionmittel in Neuguinea.” Neue Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft 1: 44-63. *
Kocher Schmid, Christin (1997). Terms in Neo-Melanesian Pidgin for plants and animals.
Kutscher, P. (1940). Wörterbuch Deutsch-Pidgin-Englisch [German-Pidgin English Dictionary.] Vunapope. Unpublished manuscript. *
Laycock, Donald C. (no date). Course in New Guinea (Sepik) Pidgin. Canberra: Australian National University, 61 pp. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Litteral, R. (1969). A Programmed Course in New Guinea Pidgin. Brisbane: The Jacaranda Press, 1st edition, with tapes, 135 pp. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book. *
Mead, Margaret (1931). “Talk Boy.” Asia 31: 144-151, 191. This article contains numerous sample sentences and phrases. Tok Pisin words are Anglicized.
Mihalic, Francis (1969a). Introduction to New Guinea Pidgin. Milton, Queensland: Jacaranda Press, 62 pp. This booklet includes a brief grammar, an English to Tok Pisin dictionary, and a classified vocabulary section. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Mihalic, Francis (1969b). A Crash Course in Pidgin. Unpublished manuscript. * Out of print.
Mihalic, Francis (1971). The Jacaranda Dictionary and Grammar of Melanesian Pidgin. Milton, Queensland: The Jacaranda Press, 375 pp. This is the best dictionary of Tok Pisin. It includes a formal grammar, a bi-directional dictionary, etymology, a classified vocabulary, and a bibliography. The only fault is that it has not been updated and is missing new words, primarily Anglicisms and modern slang. See Anonymous (1996) and Slone (1996) to fill in some of these gaps. Mühlhäusler (1985c) reproduced the beginning of this dictionary with some revisions; a complete revision was apparently planned but not published by Mühlhäusler. A collaborative revision of this book is in progress, headed by John Burton. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Mihalic, Francis (1980). Tok Pisin, the Easy Way. Boroko, PNG: Wantok Publications. 85 pp. This book contains 10 short pattern exercises and a glossary. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Mihalic, Francis (1990). “Obsolescence in the Tok Pisin vocabulary.” In: Melanesian Pidgin and Tok Pisin: Proceedings of the First International Conference of Pidgins and Creoles in Melanesia, John W. M. Verhaar, editor. Studies in Language Companion Series, vol. 20. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing, pp. 263-273. Mihalic lists words that he claims to be obsolete, but in general one should be suspect of this since it is difficult to ascertain that a given word is not used as a regionalism. In print!
Mühlhäusler, Peter (1985a). “Etymologising and Tok Pisin.” In: Handbook of Tok Pisin (New Guinea Pidgin), Stephen A. Wurm and Peter Mühlhäusler, editors. Series C, No. 70. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National
University, pp. 177-219. Among other things, this article gives some Tok Pisin words that originated from German and are probably now obsolete. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Mühlhäusler, Peter (1985d). The scientific study of Tok Pisin: Language planning and the Tok Pisin lexicon. In: Handbook of Tok Pisin (New Guinea Pidgin). Stephen A. Wurm and Peter Mühlhäusler, editors. Series C, No. 70. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National
University, pp. 595-664. This chapter
Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Mühlhäusler, Peter (2001). “Tang bilong bulmakau long askpik: Talking about food in Tok Pisin.” In: The Boy from Bundaberg: Studies in Melanesian Linguistics in Honour of Tom Dutton. Pawley, Andrew; Ross, Malcolm; & Tryon, Darrell, eds. Pacific Linguistics 514. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, pp. 233-239. This chapter critiques various books on food terminology, including Bàlint (1969). Out of print.
Mühlhäusler, Peter; Dutton, Thomas E.; & Romaine, Suzanne (2003).Tok Pisin Texts: From the Beginning to the Present. Varieties of English Around the World Text Series 9. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 284 pp., illustrated. This book presents many previously unpublished Tok Pisin texts in translation and with commentary, including texts from the 1800s. A grammar is also included.
In print!
Murphy, John J. (1985). The Book of Pidgin English. Bathurst, New South Wales: Robert Brown, 6th edition, 179 pp. This is the latest edition of the original Tok Pisin dictionary. It includes a detailed grammar, pitfalls (i.e., “false friends”), text samples, a classified vocabulary, and a bi-directional dictionary. Partial text of this book with editorial additions is available on-line. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Murphy, John J. (1966). The Book of Pidgin English. Kemp Place,
Fortitude Valley, Brisbane: W. R. Smith & Paterson, 3rd edition, 164 pp. This earlier edition is basically the same as the 1985 edition, but include a few photographs. Out of print.
Murphy, John J. (1943). The Book of Pidgin English. Kemp Place,
Fortitude Valley, Brisbane: W. R. Smith & Paterson, 1st edition, 128 pp. This earlier edition does not have the classified vocabulary. Out of print.
PNG Business Directory. Pidgin, Motu, English Dictionary.. This is an interactive tri-lingual dictionary that provides translations to and from words in English with Tok Pisin or Motu (but not directly between Tok Pisin and Motu). Words are translated as near-homonyms, so for example translating the Tok Pisin “wan” retrieves separate definitions of “wan”, “win”, “winim”, and “wonem” into English.
Rushton, Dorgon (1983). Brush Up Your Pidgin. London: Willow
Books, 127 pp., illustrations by William Rushton. This is a book that one would have never thought would be written. This is a humorous satire of language phrase books. It is written as if it were a long-lost phrase book written by two lost travelers to New Guinea in the 1930s. Rushton shows that he has a good command of Tok Pisin, but he takes liberties with the language for the sake of humor. The reader will learn such useful phrases as, “He got wanfella puk-puk unerneat bet, Nikas! [sic]” (“There is a crocodile under the bed, Nicholas!”). Another great book in the genre of humorous phrase books is G’Day! Teach Yourself Australian in 20 Easy Lessons by Colin Bowles (North Ryde, New South Wales: Angus & Robertson, 1986). Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Sadler, Wesley (1974). Tok Pisin: A Handbook for Writers. Port Moresby: Department of Language, University of PNG, 1st edition (1974) = 38 pp., 2nd edition (1974), 3rd edition (1977), 4th edition (1982). The author describes the problems with excessive use of Anglicisms in Tok Pisin and gives guidance and many examples for avoiding them. Out of print.
Sadler, Wesley (1973a). Untangled New Guinea Pidgin: A Course of Study. Madang, PNG: Kristen Pres, 179 pp. The book is divided into 13 lessons, each lesson contains conversation, grammar and testing sections. There are no vocabulary sections. Overall structure and progression in the book are not clear. Out of print.
Sadler, Wesley (1973b). Niugini Pisin: Lukim, Mekim, Takim (New Guinea Pidgin in Action). Madang, PNG: Kristen Pres. 212 pp. * Out of print.
Scorza, David & Franklin, Karl J. (1985). An Advanced Course in Tok Pisin. Ukarumpa, PNG: Summer Institute of Linguistics, preliminary edition, 158 pp. This study guide includes a grammar, details on linguistic variations, readings, information on metaphor, a bibliography, and a short Tok Pisin to English dictionary. This is a continuation of Litteral & Franklin (1990). Someone who completes the Dutton & Dicks (1985) book will not gain a lot from this book. Out of print.
Schebesta, Josef (no date). Pijin-Grammatik. Mimeograph. Alexishafen: Catholic Mission. *
Schebesta, Josef (no date). Pijin Lexicon. Mimeograph. Alexishafen: Catholic Mission. *
Schebesta, Josef (no date). Wörterbuch mit Redewendungen. [Dictionary with Idioms.] Mimeograph. Alexishafen: Catholic Mission. *
Schwartz, Theodore (1962). “The Paliau Movement in the Admiralty Islands, 1946-1954.” Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 49(2): 211-421. This article includes a brief glossary (pp. 410-413) which lists some of the secretive Tok Pisin words used by the Paliau Movement.
Schäfer, Albrecht (2001). Pidgin-English für Papua-Neuguinea. Kauderwelsch Band 18. Bielefeld, Germany: Peter-Rump-Verlag, 144 pp., 2nd edition, illustrated. A Tok Pisin instruction book for German speakers. Includes sections on grammar, conversation and bidirectional German-Tok Pisin word lists. In print in Germany.
Simon, Martin (1977). Guide to Biological Terms in Melanesian Pidgin. Wau Ecology Institute Handbook #3. Wau, PNG: Wau Ecology Institute / Lae: PNG University of Technology, 115 pp. This book gives Tok Pisin definitions for basic English biology terms. It is primarily useful to Papua New Guinean students and teachers. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Smith, Geoff, P. (1990). A Crash Course in Tok Pisin for Newcomers to Papua New Guinea. Lae: Papua New Guinea University of Technology Department of Language and Communication Studies. Revised Version, 145 pp., illustrated. This book is intended to aid the Tok Pisin student who is located in Papua New Guinea. It is well illustrated with ample descriptions. The book also has sections on Tok Pisin words that have entered English speech in PNG. Check Amazon.com for copies.
Smith, Geoff P. (1994). Husat i bin othoraizim? New verbs in Manus Tok Pisin. Unpublished paper presented at the Seventh International Conference of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics. Georgetown, Guyana, August 24th-27th.
Smith, Geoff P. (2002).Growing Up with Tok Pisin: Contact, Creolization, and Change in Papua New Guinea’s National Language. London: Battlebridge Publications, 244 pp., illustrated. Smith presents a thorough analysis of oral Tok Pisin, including grammar, phonology different oral forms of words, and lists of neologisms. It is well written and interesting. This is a good resource to supplement basic learning material.
This book was reviewed in: Aitchison, J. “Growing up with Tok Pisin: Contact, Creolization, and Change in Papua New Guinea’s National Language.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 9: 182-183 (2003).
Smythe, W. E. (no date). Pidgin Vocabulary. Manuscript printed in Manus. Cited in Smith (1984). *
Steinbauer, Friedrich (1969). New Guinea Pidgin (Neo-Melanesian): With Translations in English and German. Madang, PNG: Kristen Pres, 223 pp. This is a trilingual dictionary from Tok Pisin simultaneously to English and German. It includes etymology. This was reprinted by Hippocrene Books in 1998 as Neo-Melanesian Dictionary without the translation into German. In print!
Strickert, Frederick (1989). Diksenari bilong Nupela Testamen.
Madang, PNG: Kristen Pres, 273 pp. This is probably the only Tok Pisin to Tok Pisin dictionary. It is limited to Tok Pisin biblical words, which are entirely Anglicisms, so it is of little use to the fluent English speaker. Out of print.
Thomas, Dicks R.; Lolo, Tandi R. Andi; & Jakarimilena, Nico (1997). Trilingual Dictionary: Tokpisin, English, Bahasa Indonesia. Port Moresby, PNG: Education and Cultural Attaché of the Indonesia Embassy/Department of Language and Literature, University of Papua New Guinea, 209 pp. (printed by Balai Pustaka, Jakarta) Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book. This trilingual dictionary translates from Tok Pisin to English and Indonesian, so is primarily intended for English and Indonesian speakers. Each Tok Pisin headword is followed by a gloss in English and Indonesian then a sample sentence using the word in all 3 languages.
Woolford, Ellen Bless (1977). Aspects of Tok Pisin Grammar. Ph.D. Thesis, Duke University, 215 pp. Later published by the Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 118 pp. * Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Thomas, Howard Swinford Michael (1969). Learning Pidgin: Listener’s Notes for a Series of ABC Radio Broadcasts. Sydney: Australian Broadcasting Commission, 60 pp. This is a brief course in Tok Pisin which is generally good, but contains a few suspect words, e.g., “kiliraut=to depart”, “tapos=unless.”
Anonymous (1982). Buk blong Wei fo Raetem Olketa Wod long Pijin. [A Book on How to Write Words in Pijin.] Honiara: Solomon Islands Christian Association Pijin Literacy Project, 211 pp., English introduction. Out of print. *
Beimers, Gerry (1996). Wei fo Raetem Olketa Wod long Pijin [How to Write Words in Pijin] Honiara: Solomon Islands Christian Association. Approximately 2500 entries in Pijin with English glosses and parts of speech. *
Bogutu, Francis (1972). Pijin English in the British Solomon Islands. Master of Arts, University of Lancaster. This is a grammar book. *
Hall, Robert A., Jr. (1945). “Notes on British Solomon Islands Pidgin.” Modern Language Notes 60: 315-318. *
Hall, Robert A., Jr. (1955). “Pidgin English in the British Solomon Islands.” Australian Quarterly 4: 68-74. *
Huebner, Thom; Horoi, Stephen Rex; & Clark, Raymond C. (1979). Solomon Islands Pijin, Special Skills Handbook Brattleboro, Vermont: The Experiment in International Living / U.S. Peace Corps, unpublished. This book consists of four volumes: 1) Grammar handbook 2) Communication and culture handbook 3) Special skills handbook and 4) Teacher’s handbook. *
Huebner, Thom & Horoi, Stephen Rex (1979). Solomon Islands Pijin, Grammar Handbook. U.S. Peace Corps, unpublished. *
Huebner, Thom & Horoi, Stephen Rex (1979). Solomon Islands Pijin Communication and Culture Handbook. U.S. Peace Corps, unpublished. *
Hunt, Susan & Wateha’a, Margaret (c. 2001?) English-Pijin Dictionary. Honiara: ?. Apparently based on Guyer-Miller (1989). *
Jourdan, Christine (2002). Pijin: A Trilingual Cultural Dictionary (Pijin-Inglis-Franis)/(Pijin-English-French)/(Pijin-Anglais-Français). Canberra: Australian National University, Department of Linguistics, 403+xxiv pp., illustrated. This is the best book on Solomon Island Pijin that has been published. The book includes a description of phonology, some discussion of grammar (but not very extensive), Pijin dictionary entries with examples and translations into English and French, finderlists in English and French, and a list of references.
In print!
Keesing, Roger (1989). A Sketch Grammar of Solomon Islands Pijin. Unpublished manuscript. *
Labu, Francis (1978). Iumi Lanem Pijin: A Basic Course in Solomon Islands Pidgin. Honiara: Solomon Islands: US Peace Corps, 177 pp. * Out of print.
Lee, Ernest W. (1982). Solomon Islands Pijin -- A Spelling Survey. Honiara: SICA Pijin Literacy Project. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book. *
Simons, Linda & Young, Hugh (1978). Pijin Blong Yumi. Honiara: Solomon Islands Christian Association, 181 pp. This is apparently the only Pijin dictionary. It includes a grammar, a bi-directional dictionary, a classified vocabulary, and a text sample. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Anonymous ([1972]). Apprenons le Bichlamar: Petit Lexique Français--Bichlamar de Conversation Courante. [Learning Bislama: A Small Lexicon French-Bislama--Current Bislama Conversation] Vila, Vanuatu: Imprimerie Hébridaise, 61 pp. * Out of print.
Bowden, D. K. (1986). Medical Dictionary in Bislama, English and French. Clayton, Australia: Monash University Publications Committee. * Out of print.
Bradshaw, Joel (1991). “Review of An Illustrated Bislama-English and English-Bislama Dictionary.” Oceanic Linguistics 30(1): 49-56. Reviews Crowley (1990a).
Cabalion, Pierre (1984). Les noms des plantes en Bichlamar: Origines, formations et déterminations botaniques. [The names of plants in Bislama: Origins, formations and botanical determinations] Journal de la Société des Océanistes 78: 107-120.
Camden, Bill (1977). A Descriptive Dictionary: Bislama to English. Vila, New Hebrides [Vanuatu]: Maropa Bookshop, 138 pp. This includes a grammar and a Bislama to English dictionary. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Charpentier, Jean-Michel (1979). Le Pidgin Bislama(n) et le Multilinguisme aux Nouvelles-Hébrides [Bislama and Multilingualism in Vanuatu]. Langues et Civilisations à Traditions Orale 35. Paris: Société d’Etudes Linguistiques et Anthropologiques. Chapters 11-14 include etymological information on Bislama. In print!
Charpentier, Jean-Michel (1992). “Review of An Illustrated Bislama-English and English-Bislama Dictionary.” Language and Linguistics in Melanesia 23(1): 72-75. Reviews Crowley (1990a).
Crowley, Terry (1987). Grama blong Bislama [Bislama Grammar]. Suva, Fiji: Extension Service, University of the South Pacific. Out of print.
Crowley, Terry (1990a). An Illustrated Bislama-English and English-Bislama Dictionary. Vila, Vanuatu: University of the South Pacific, 478 pp. This includes a grammar, a bi-directional dictionary, a classified vocabulary, a list of abbreviations, and a bibliography. Out of print.
Crowley, Terry (1990b). Beach-la-Mar to Bislama: The Emergence of a National Language in Vanuatu. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 448 pp. Reviews the historical development and etymology of Bislama as well as Pijin and Tok Pisin. Crowley reports some interesting information on the development of obscenity and euphemism (pp. 126-127, 353-357). In print!
Crowley, Terry (1995). A New Bislama Dictionary. Suva, Fiji: University of the South Pacific, 492 pp. The book includes a grammar, a bi-directional dictionary, a classified vocabulary, a list of abbreviations, and a bibliography. It is an update of Crowley (1990a); it includes updated spelling, new words and usages. Out of print:
Search Amazon.com for this book.
Guy, J. B. M. (1975). Handbook of Bichelamar/Manuel de Bichelamar. Series C, No. 34. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National
University, 256 pp. It includes a grammar in English and French, a Bislama to English and French dictionary (with examples of usage), an English to Bislama dictionary, and a French to Bislama dictionary. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Holm, John (1991). “Review of An Illustrated Bislama-English and English-Bislama Dictionary.” English Worldwide 12(1): 138-142. Review of Crowley (1990a).
Laveau, Pierre & Taga, Henri (1970). Apprenons le Bichlamar... Petite Lexique Français-Bichlamar de Conversation Courante. [Learning Bislama... French-Bislama Small Lexicon for Current Conversation] Port Vila, Vanuatu, 61 pp. This is the same as S.O.C.O.M.A.A. (1978). *
Nethery, Wallace (1978). Beach-La-Mar. The Trade Language of Melanesia. Port Vila?: Dawson’s Book Shop, 46 pp. * Out of print.
S.O.C.O.M.A.A. (1978). Aprenon le Bichlamar [Learning Bislama] Port Vila, Vanuatu: Imprimerie Hébridaise. * Out of print.
Siegel, Jeff (1991). “Review of An Illustrated Bislama-English and English-Bislama Dictionary.” The Carrier Pidgin 19(2): 1-3. Review of Crowley (1990a).
Tryon, Darrell T. (1985). Let’s Talk Bislama. Port Vila?: Pidgin Post Publication, 64 pp., illustrated. * Out of print.
Tryon, Darrell T. (1986). “Neologisms in Bislama (Vanuatu).” In: The Fergusonian Impact; In Honor of Chalres A. Ferguson, J. A. Fishman, ed., vol. 2, pp. 305-313. * In print!
Tryon, Darrell T. & Langoulant, Allan (c. 1999?) Evri Samting Yu Wanem Save long Bislama Be Yu Fraet Tumas Blong Askem [Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Bislama But Were Afraid to Ask]. Port Vila: Media Masters (South Pacific) Pidgin Post Publication. *
Hall, Robert A., Jr. (1945). “Notes on Australian Pidgin English.” Language 19: 283-287. *
Shnukal, Anna (1988). Broken (Introduction to the Creole Language of the Torres Strait). Pacific Linguistics Series C, Number 107. Canberra: Australian National University, 328 pp. Out of print: Search Amazon.com for this book.
Balzer, Trevor; Lee, Ernie; Mülhäusler, Peter; Monaghan, Paul; Angelo, Denise & Ober, Dana (1999). Pidgin Phrasebook: Pidgin Languages of Oceania. Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia: Lonely Planet Publications, 168 pp. This is the second edition of Hunter (1986). There are separate sections for each of Bislama, Pijin, Tok Pisin, Torres Strait pidgin (“Broken” or “Yumpla Tok”), and (“Kriol”). Balzer wrote the section on Bislama (pp. 11-52); Lee wrote the section on Pijin (pp. 53-96); Mülhäusler & Monaghan wrote the section on Tok Pisin (pp. 97-138); Ober wrote the section on Yumpla Tok (pp. 139-147); and Angelo wrote the section on on Kriol (pp. 148-168). This book is a substantial improvement from the previous edition in some ways (including expanded coverage and cultural advice), but no longer contains an alphabetical vocabulary section. The book could have been further improved by including a comparison of the 5 languages. Another deficiency is that grammar is not presented consistently between sections.
In print!
Charpentier, Jean-Michel (1979). Le Pidgin Bislama(n) et le Multilinguisme aux Nouvelles-Hébrides [Bislama and Multilingualism in Vanuatu]. Langues et Civilisations à Traditions Orale 35. Paris: Société d’Etudes Linguistiques et Anthropologiques. Chapters 11-14 include etymological information on Bislama. In print!
Churchill, William (1911). Beach-la-mar: The Jargon or Trade Speech of the Western Pacific. Publication Number 154. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution, 54 pp. Reprinted in 1979 by AMS Press, New York. Churchill draws on several sources, primarily Melanesian. On pages 33-53, there is a pidgin to English dictionary. Churchill also includes a history, a grammar, a sample text, and a bibliography of his sources for the dictionary. In print!
Crowley, Terry (1995). A New Bislama Dictionary. Suva, Fiji: University of the South Pacific, 492 pp. The book includes a grammar, a bi-directional dictionary, a classified vocabulary, a list of abbreviations, and a bibliography. It is an update of Crowley (1990a); it includes updated spelling, new words and usages.
In print!
Crowley, Terry (1990b). Beach-la-Mar to Bislama: The Emergence of a National Language in Vanuatu. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 448 pp. Reviews the historical developement and etymology of Bislama as well as Pijin and Tok Pisin. Crowley reports some interesting information on the development of obscenity and euphemism (pp. 126-127, 353-357). In print!
Franklin, Karl J. (1992). Traim Tasol: Vocabulary Testing in Tok Pisin. Series D, No. 85. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National
University, 73 pp. *
In print at ANU! or search for used copies at Amazon.com.
Jourdan, Christine (2002). Pijin: A Trilingual Cultural Dictionary (Pijin-Inglis-Franis)/(Pijin-English-French)/(Pijin-Anglais-Français). Canberra: Australian National University, Department of Linguistics, 403+xxiv pp., illustrated. This is the best book on Solomon Island Pijin that has been published. The book includes a description of phonology, some discussion of grammar (but not very extensive), Pijin dictionary entries with examples and translations into English and French, finderlists in English and French, and a list of references.
In print!
Smith, Geoff P. (2002).
Growing Up with Tok Pisin: Contact, Creolization, and Change in Papua New Guinea’s National Language. London: Battlebridge Publications, 244 pp., illustrated. Smith presents a thorough analysis of oral Tok Pisin, including grammar, phonology different oral forms of words, and lists of neologisms. It is well written and interesting. This is a good resource to supplement basic learning material.
In print!
Mühlhäusler, Peter; Dutton, Thomas E.; & Romaine, Suzanne (2003). Tok Pisin Texts: From the Beginning to the Present. Varieties of English Around the World Text Series 9. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 284 pp., illustrated. This book presents many previously unpublished Tok Pisin texts in translation and with commentary, including texts from the 1800s. A grammar is also included.
In print!
Steinbauer, Friedrich (1969). New Guinea Pidgin (Neo-Melanesian): With Translations in English and German. Madang, PNG: Kristen Pres, 223 pp. This is a trilingual dictionary from Tok Pisin simultaneously to English and German. It includes etymology. This was reprinted by Hippocrene Books in 1998 as Neo-Melanesian Dictionary without the translation into German. In print!In print!
Tryon, Darrell T. & Langoulant, Allan (c. 1999?) Evri Samting Yu Wanem Save long Bislama Be Yu Fraet Tumas Blong Askem [Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Bislama But Were Afraid to Ask]. Port Vila: Media Masters (South Pacific) Pidgin Post Publication. *
Tryon, Darrell T. (1986). "Neologisms in Bislama (Vanuatu)." In: The Fergusonian Impact; In Honor of Chalres A. Ferguson, J. A. Fishman, ed., vol. 2, pp. 305-313. * In print!
In print!
In print!
In print at ANU! or Search Amazon.com for this book.
In print at ANU! or search for used copies at Amazon.com.
In print!
Search Amazon.com for this book.
In print at ANU! or Search Amazon.com for this book.
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